Research and compliance notes

Arbiter Research

Analysis on privacy-preserving identity verification, state compliance requirements, and digital identity infrastructure.

10 min read

US Age Verification vs. eIDAS 2.0: Two Roads to Identity Assurance

Two regulatory systems are answering the same question about how online services verify a user without hoarding identity data. They have arrived at very different answers.

eIDAS 2.0US ComplianceAge VerificationPrivacyComparison
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9 min read

What is eIDAS 2.0? A Practical Primer for Product and Compliance Teams

eIDAS 2.0 is a regulation, not a wallet. Here is what it actually requires, what the EUDI Wallet does, and what product and compliance teams should plan for in the next two quarters.

eIDAS 2.0EU Digital IdentityEUDI WalletRegulationExplainer
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8 min read

eIDAS 1.0 vs. 2.0: What Actually Changed and Why It Matters

eIDAS 1.0 worked for trust services and largely failed at pan-EU eID. eIDAS 2.0 is a different design, and most of what you learned about cross-border identity needs revising.

eIDAS 2.0RegulationEU Digital IdentityComparison
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11 min read

Data Breach Exposure in Traditional KYC Workflows

Government ID storage can create material breach exposure. Privacy-preserving verification reduces the amount of identity data a platform must retain.

SecurityPrivacyKYCData BreachRisk Management
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9 min read

Why Major Platforms Blocked States Over Age Verification Laws

Several platforms responded to state age verification laws by blocking access. The decision illustrates the tradeoff between compliance, privacy, and user trust.

PrivacyComplianceCase StudyAge Verification
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12 min read

State Age Verification Laws: 2025 Compliance Overview

More than 15 states have enacted age verification requirements. This overview summarizes the compliance landscape and privacy considerations.

ComplianceRegulationAge VerificationPrivacy
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